Centroceras clavulatum (C.Agarth) Montagne 1846

    Thalli rigid, dark brownish red to dark red in colour measures 6-9 cm high. Thalli attached to the substratum by multicellular rhizoids produced from periaxial cells. Thalli dichotomously branched, ultimate branches moderately forcipate and slightly incurved; adventitious branches often formed abaxially. Each dichotomy with many (up to 10) segments each 300-500µm long, 130-190µm in broad. Segments completely covered by single layer of small rectangular corticating cells, 19-23 µm in width. Axial cells colorless measures 600-760 mm long and surrounded by 12-14 periaxial cells. Each periaxial cells produce 3 corticating filaments; nodes sounded by a single or sometimes 2 layers of cortical cells; nodes with short (1-3 celled) spines. Internodes surrounded by 24-28 corticating cells.

    Tetrasporangia in a ring at the nodal regions, emergent, tetrahedrally divided spores measures 15-25 µm in width, regularly formed on specialized terminal branches or occasionally on the lateral branches. Tetrasporangia subtended by a spine, loosely covered by colourless 2-3 involucral (3-4-celled) filaments.